Nephrotoxic Effect of Amphotericin B Administered in Different Doses and Infusion Mode in Dogs
نویسندگان
چکیده
Ceylan, E., Akkan, H. A., Tutuncu, M., Z. Agaoglu: Nephrotoxic Effect of Amphotericin B Administered in Different Doses and Infusion Mode in Dogs. Acta Vet. Brno 2003, 72: 229-234. In this study, nephrotoxic effect of Amphotericin B (AmB) was investigated together with clinical, biochemical, and histopathological findings in dogs intoxicated with different doses and methods of administration. 18 healthy cross-bred dogs were allocated to three groups. Amphotericin B diluted with sterile water was used. Dogs in group A (n = 6) were treated with 0.5 mg/kg AmB in 25 ml 5% dextrose as a rapid bolus (4-5 min). Dogs in group B (n = 6) were treated with 1 mg/kg AmB in 50 ml 5% dextrose as a rapid bolus (4-5 min). Dogs in group C (n = 6) were treated with 2 mg/kg AmB in 1000 ml 5% dextrose as a slow infusion (4-5 h). Clinical, haematological and biochemical analyses were made in all dogs before the experiment as well as on the 5th and 12th days. Haematological and biochemical values recorded before the experiment were compared with those on the 5th and 12th day. After the third day of the experiment, vomiting, diarrhoea, anorexia, fever, phlebitis, irritability and tachycardia were recorded in all dogs (Groups A, B and C). However, the symptoms recognised were minimum in Group C, moderate in Group A and severe in Group B. There were differences in biochemical values among groups (p < 0.001). Group B was different from Group A and C in haematological parameters (p < 0.05). The most severe histopathologic changes were observed in Group B animals. These results suggest that the toxicity of AmB on kidney could be decreased when it is administered in a long period and more diluted form. Amphotericin B, nephrotoxicity, haematology, biochemistry, dog Systemic mycotic infections in dogs and cats are common and are difficult to treat successfully (Randal l et al. 1996). Since its discovery in 1953, Amphotericin B (AmB) has remained the drug of choice for the treatment of serious systemic fungal infections (Graybi l l and Craven 1983). AmB is a polyene antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus, an actinomycete which was isolated from a soil sample obtained at Tembladora on the Orinoco River in Venezuela by Gold et al. (1956). It is a potent intravenous antifungal agent for treatment of blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, coccidiomycosis, candidiasis, torulopsis, aspergillosis, mucormycosis and has limited activity against the protozoa, Leishmaniosis and Naegleriosis (Gale 1984; Braj tburg et al. 1990; Bennet t 1991; Andriole 2000; Yardley and Croft 2000). The drug has no antibacterial activity (Bennet t 1991). The antifungal activity of AmB is dependent on the drugs binding to cell membrane sterols. AmB binds more avidly to ergosterol, the principal sterol in fungal membranes. By binding to ergosterol, AmB causes pores or channels to form in the fungal cell membrane, allowing leakage of a variety of small molecules with eventual cell death (Lampen 1969; Gale 1984; Yu et al. 1998). Elimination of the drug occurs primarily through renal route. In dogs and cats as in humans, the most common and dose-limiting side effect of AmB is severe nephrotoxicosis (Perfec t et al. 1991; Car lson and Condon 1994; Randal l et al. 1996; Bekersky et ACTA VET. BRNO 2003, 72: 229–234 Address for correspondence: Ebubekir CEYLAN Posta Kutusu 139, 6500, Van, TURKEY Phone: +90 532 2051600 Fax: +90 432 215 52 81 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.vfu.cz/acta-vet/actavet.htm
منابع مشابه
Premedication drugs’ evaluation and incidence of infusion-related reactions in patients receiving amphotericin B
Background: Amphotericin B is one of the most useful therapeutic modalities for the treatment of patients with invasive fungal infections, in spite of serious side effects, namely kidney injury, electrolyte imbalances, and infusion-related reactions. The goal of this study was to assess the different aspects of premedication practice and the incidence and types of infusion-related reactions in ...
متن کاملA preliminary study on some potential toxic effects of Rosa damascena Mill
Rosa damascena has been traditionally used as an herbal medicine for different therapeutic purposes. Inorder to preliminarily study the probable toxic effects of the plant, its infusion was orally administered to 5groups of 5 dogs at doses 0.5-8 times that of human use in traditional medicine (90-1440 mg/kg/d) for 10successive days. The dogs in the control group (n=4) received placebo. Serum le...
متن کاملAdministering amphotericin B--a practical approach.
Despite the introduction in recent years of novel antifungal agents, the potency and broad spectrum of activity of amphotericin B have ensured that it remains the treatment of choice for most deep-seated mycoses. However, this agent is not without significant toxicity, particularly in patients who are already seriously ill and/or who are receiving other potentially nephrotoxic drugs. We review ...
متن کاملA Drug Utilization Evaluation Study of Amphotericin B in Neutropenic Patients in a Teaching Hospital in Iran
Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE) studies facilitate assessing the appropriateness and rational use of medications.The goal of the present study was to evaluate Amphotericin B usage in neutropenic patients. A prospective DUE study was performed in Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation wards at Taleghani hospital for one-year. National comprehensive cancer network, clinical practice ...
متن کاملA Drug Utilization Evaluation Study of Amphotericin B in Neutropenic Patients in a Teaching Hospital in Iran
Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE) studies facilitate assessing the appropriateness and rational use of medications.The goal of the present study was to evaluate Amphotericin B usage in neutropenic patients. A prospective DUE study was performed in Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation wards at Taleghani hospital for one-year. National comprehensive cancer network, clinical practice ...
متن کامل